And coil



(No Model.) v 2 SheetsSheet 1. A. P. BATOHELDER.

ARMATURE WINDING AND COIL.

No. 596,136. Patented Dec. 28,1897.

\A/lTNESES (No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.

A. P. BATOHELDER. ARMATURE WINDING AND COIL.

No. 596,136. Patented Dec. 28,1897.

kimmm UNITED STATES ATEN'l-i Orricn.

ASA FRED BATCHELDER, OF SCI'IENECTADY, NE\V YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF NEXV YORK.

ARMATURE WINDING AND.@O[IL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 596,136, dated December 28, 1897.

Application filed September 15,1897. Serial No; 651,732. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ASA FRED BATCHELDER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady, State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Armature \Vindings and Coils, (Case No. 620,) of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to the wind ings of armatures for dynamo-electric machinery. \Vhile it might be usefully applied to generators, it is not of so much importance in them, because in general considerable room maybe taken without inconvenience for this class of apparatus, rendering it unnecessary to consider many problems of this nature which arise with motors. In these, and more particularly with railway-motors to which my invention applies with perhaps its greatest utility, space is of the greatest importance.

. In railway apparatus carried under a car the length of the motor is limited by the gage, and, in fact, by the length of that part of the aXle between the inner surfaces of the wheels. The armature is further limited not only in length by the dimension named, (which is reduced still more by the space needed for the commutator and bearings,) but in diameter by the height of the car-sills above the rail, which in a tram-car particularly must not be too great. Notwithstanding these limits modern conditions demand continued increase in output of railway-motors, together with lower price. To some extent at least to meet this demand is the occasion of my present invention, which has for its object to devise a winding composed of interchangeable detachable coils separately wound and insulated before being applied to the core. Each of these coils is in turn composed of a number of separate insulated wires of one or more turns, according to the voltage and output required, so that each coil applied as a unit to the armature-core is in reality composed of a plurality of coils, each having its own part in the generation of eleetromotive force and independent of one another, except, of course, so far as their unavoidable mutual inductance is concerned. This part of my invention enables me to produce a winding which shall. have the increased output desired with a saving of labor and consequent lower cost, inasmuch as the two, three, or more wires comprising the coil are all wound at one time and by one operation.

Another part of my invention consists in the conformation and adaptation of my improved armature-coils to cores limited in size by the considerations already mentioned.

Prior motor-armatures built in recent years have had a winding made up of counterpart coils of equal length and inductive effect, having sides lying in the armature-slots. One side of each coil lies in the bottom of an appropriate slot, and the other side of the same coil lies in the upper portion of its slot, resting upon the lower sides of other coils. lVith such an arrangement the various coils can be counterparts in length and can be readily applied and removed from the core. In windings of this type the end portions of the coils have been given an offset at or near a central point, separating the end portions into parts forming an inside and outside series when in place on the core. Two or three modified ways of arranging the end connections have been employed. In some of these the connections are bent in toward the shaft, so that they lie against the head of the core in planes transverse or approximately trans verse to the armature-shaft. In others the end connections have been arranged in arcs following the outer circumference of the core, and the offset stands practically radial with the shaft. In others the end connections form chords across the arc spanned by the sides of the coil.

The first-named winding is made in several ways, all, however, employing counterpart coils havin long and short sides in the armature-slots, with curved or bent connecting- Wires so arranged that one part of a coil overlies the other part of another coil, the curved parts being bent down over the armaturehead and being offset at a point in the curve. The core to which this winding is applied must be of a certain diameter large enough to accommodate the winding. The wires at the offset in the coil take considerable space, and the size of circle occupied by the offsets forms the insidelimit of the winding. Outside of this the core must be of sufficient size to accommodate the coils, so that it has a limit of diameter determined mainly by the space needed for the offsets and end portions of the coils, below which it cannot go with this form of winding, though it may be of almost any desired shortness parallel to the shaft.

In another form of the winding above namednamely, that one in which the end connections form chords across the are spanned by the sides of the coilthe diameter of the armature may be almost anything desired within reason; but this advantage is obtained by unduly increasing the length of the armature, and particularly of that part of the-armature which contributes no useful result electrically namely, the part occupied by the end connections. This is what is known as the barrel-winding, although it is in reality simply another form of the winding first described.

The winding which I have devised occupies a place intermediate of the two described, and in it lhave endeavored to combine the advantages of both without incurring the difficulties attendant upon the use of either.

In my invention I employ a coil having the two sides designed to generate electromotive force occupying slots in the armature-periphery. These two sides may be connected at one end of the coil by end portions, like those of the barrel-winding, slightly turned down over the a rm ature-head. At the other end of the coil the two sides are joined by end portions which may be considered as composed of three parts, one of which is offset from its neighbor,the two being of nearly equal length. The first part passes in an involute curve from the armature-slot to the interior limiting-circle of the winding, where an offset is made, so that the second part returns outside of the first part of preceding coils until it reaches the exterior circle marking the periphery of the armaturecore, but longitudinally displaced from it. Here a bend is made, and the third short part passes in what may be called a portion of a screw-thread back to the top of the slot. One of the sides of each coil lies in the bottom of one slot, while the other is in the top of another slot located at the proper polar point around the armature.

The solution of the mechanical side of the armature-windin g problem indicated above is practically a general one, at least if the coil end be considered as a series of lines-that is, having an inner cylinder of a given circumference (determined by the space required for the coil offsets) and a concentric outer cylinder of a circumference determined by the teeth and coil-slots of the armaturefaee, it is always possible to span a given polar pitch or angle from one to the other by two involute curves and a spiral, one of the involutes being offset from the other. While I have described this construction as applied to one end of the coil, where it is desired to still further shorten the armature, it will be I barrel-winding.

useful to employ it at both ends. I have described and illustrated both constructions and aim to include both in my claims.

The drawings annexed show my invention applied to a four-pole motor-armature.

Figure 1 is a perspective of an armaturecore having some of the coils applied. I have only illustrated enough to exhibit the construction, as the complete figure would be more obscure. Figs. 2 and are perspective views of the coil in different positions. Fig. 4 is a plan of a coil, with amodification shown in dotted lines. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the armature-core with some of the coils in place. Fig. 6 is a corresponding view of the other end of the armature core and coils. Figs. .7, 8, and f) are sectional views in detail, respectively illustratin the barrel-winding, the dru1nwinding, and the winding of the present invention.

1 will first describe my invention in relation to Fig. at of the drawings, in which a coil cmbodying it is shown in plan. In all of the drawings the coil. lettered ll. The parts contained in the slots of the armatliireare lettered l) b. At one end of the coil they are shown in this figure as joined by two end portions U b offset from one another at the point D". So far as this end. of the coil is concerned it is similar to the ordinary so called At the other end of the coil the sides I) I) are joined by the peculiar connection of .my invention, consisting of two involute curves I) Z)", offset from one another at 11 The part Z) is joined to one of the sides of the coil occupying the armature-slot by a spiral b the wires being bent at D l) to complete this junction. have shown, as already outlined in the statement of invention, that my invention may be applied to both ends of the coil. The dotted lines in Fig. l sufficiently indicate how this may be accomplished and also show the saving in length over the barrel-winding indicated in that figure. it will be unnecessary to further describe this modification, as it will be easily understood.

In Figs. 2 and I show perspectives of my improved coil in two different positions. The parts of the coil are lettered as in Fig. l, and its construction will be readily understood from these figures.

ll will next refer to Fig. (3, which shows an end elevation of the armature-core A, having some of the coils of my invention applied thereto. In this the dotted circle I) shows the limiting-circle of the offsets l) of the coils. The parts of the coil are lettered as in Fig. d. Being in end elevation, the two involutes Z) I)" and the spiral U will be easily perceived.

In Fig. l I show the armature-core A in perspective with a number of the coils of my invention applied to it. in the lower right hand coil. all. of the par do not appear, because the part 0 here passes under the coils shown; but the construction of the winding in this same figure I is clear, part of the coils being omitted, so that the part Z), lying in the bottom of the slot, can be distinguished from the corresponding part Z), which lies in the top of the slot.

In Fig. 5 I show in end elevation the opposite end of the armature, to which the barrelwinding is applied, as illustrating the difference between this winding and that of my invention.

Figs. 7, 8, and 9 serve to exemplify some of the advantages of the coil of my invention over others with which I am acquainted.

Fig. 7 illustrates the barrel-winding, A being the armature-core, and the end of the coil being shown at B. Under the coil end is the usual support 0.

Fig. 8 shows the other form of counterpart coil now well known and referred to in my statement of invention. The end of the coil is shown at B and its support at C.

In Fig. 9 I show the coil end of my invention, the parts being lettered as before. In this figure the line 03 shows the distance to which the winding shown in Fig. 7 would extend. Line y shows the diameter of armature-core required to accommodate the winding shown in Fig. 8. The distance 0: as is that saved by my invention over the winding shown in Fig. 7, while 1 1 shows that saved over the winding shown in Fig. 8.

The distinguishing feature of my invention consists, therefore, in a coil having two sides carried in the slots of the armature, these two sides being joined either at one or at both ends by three-part end connections, two at least of which are offset from one another. For the outline of the three end parts of the coil named I prefer two involute curves and a spiral for the reasons already set out; but other lines might be employed without departing from my invention.

lVhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A coil for a dynamo-electric armature, having the sides to be disposed on the arn1ature-face united at least at one end by three end portions, two of which are involutes offset from one another, and the third a spiral.

2. A coil for a dynamo-electric armature, having two parallel sides, the two sides united at one or at both ends by three end portions,

two of which are involute curves offset from each other at their joined ends, and the third a spiral joining one end of an involute to one of the parallel sides of the coil.

An armature-winding composed of detachable coils having offset end connections shaped to fit down over the armature-head, and occupying a space on the head bounded by an inner circle, at the circumference of which the offsets are arranged, and by the periphery of the armature-core, and extend ing for a certain distance approximately concentric with the periphery of the core, whereby the span between the sides of the coil is greater than the span between the outer ends of the inwardly and outwardly extending portions of the coil ends.

a. An armature-winding consisting of detachable coils having end connections which are in part shaped to fit over the head of the core, forming an inside and outside series in planes approximately transverse to the shaft and in part shaped to lie in short arcs or chords in paths concentric, or approximately concentric, with the shaft and core.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, an ar1nature-winding made up of detachable counterpart coils having at their ends a part extending inward toward the shaft to an offset, a second portion extending outward from the offset to or near the circumference of the core, and another portion extending in an are or chord to the desired polar point occupied by the side of the coil, as set forth.

0. An armature-coil having end portions shaped to form two involutes extending a certain distance inward toward the shaft, and then outward from the shaft, an offset joining the inner ends of said involutes, and a third portion forming a continuation of the outer end of one of the involutes to the corre spondin g side of the coil,whereby the two sides of the coil are at unequal distances from the offset, as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 13th day of September, 1897.

ASA FRED BATOHELDER.

Witnesses:

B. B. HULL, A. F. MACDONALD. 

